尊敬的女士們先生們，非常感謝丹麥駐滬領館提供這次與各位交流的機會。 
Ladies and gentlemen, first of all, thank Danish Consulate to provide this opportunity to share our experience with each other.

今天我演講的主題是：中國養老住宅設計實踐。我將和各位一起探討中國養老住宅的產業背景，中國養老住宅的類型，以及中國養老住宅的特殊性。由于時間原因，我無法對每一點詳細展開論述，希望各位諒解，同時希望能在接下來的討論環節里能和各位進一步交流。 
The theme of my speech today: Design for senior Living in China. I will try to explore the Background, Types and particularity of Chinese senior housing.
Time reason, I cannot be on every detail, so hope for your understanding. We can exchange our ideas in the next discussion session.

背景 Background 
今年三月份和五月份，史無前例的在中國上映了兩部有關老年人題材，而且都是有關機構養老背景的電影，而且都獲得了巨大的社會反響和票房成功，其中一部“桃姐”還在戛納電影節上獲得了獎項。養老問題終于從政界，學術界的持續討論，走進了公眾的視野。 
This year in China, many people swam to cinema, just to see two movies. Both of them are about senior living in China. One film named “the simple life” even won the Cannes Film Festival awards of the best actress. Finally, the Pension problem went into the public eyes, from the political and academic discussion.

由于中國特殊的國情，特別是在計劃生育政策和戶籍管理政策帶來的持續影響下，中國的人口老齡化進程呈現以下幾個當今學術界公認的特征：老齡人口規模巨大；老齡化速度快，而且階段性不平衡；老齡化程度在空間分布上不平衡；老齡化先于現代化。 
Because of the special situation in China, especially in the continuing impact of the family planning policy and household registration policies, China's population aging process presents several particularities: The huge scale of the elderly population, Aging speed very fast and unbalanced, Regional distribution unbalanced and aging before modernization.

在這種歷史條件下，現今的中國養老機構的床位呈現總體的短缺。“中國經濟周刊”發表專題“住不起的養老院”，向社會展示了北京養老院的生存現狀。雖然在政府的大力推動之下，養老床位數呈現了大幅增長，但還是出現“公立養老院住不進，私立養老院住不起”的現象。 
In such historical conditions, it was felt that shortage of beds in Chinese pension institution was socially and economically undesirable. In July of this year, "China Economic Weekly" published a feature article named "cannot afford to live in nursing houses", it shows us the outline of the survival status of the nursing home in Beijing. Although powerful impetus of the government, number of beds in nursing houses presents a significant growth, but for many people, it is still difficult to get a bed in public nursing houses, and expensive to live in private nursing houses .

類型 Types
在去年的一次演講中，針對當今中國以房地產開發企業為主導的民辦養老機構現狀，我提出了一個對于中國老年公寓類型學的研究模型。從養老物業的區域位置（市區型，郊區型，景區型），與普通住宅區的關系（專屬型，嵌入型，混合型），盈利模式（持有型，持有+ 銷售型，銷售型），這三個維度展開系統分析。 
In a speech last year, I proposed a research model on the typology of private senior housing in China. There are three dimensions, the Location (Urban, Suburban or Scenic), the relationship to uptown (exclusive, embedded or mixed), profit model ( hold, sell or hold + sell).

作為案例，選取的是幾個我們設計的典型的養老社區： 
As case study, I selected several typical projects from us:

一個是位于海南省的養老社區。5萬平米的健康老人公寓嵌入在總量50萬平米的旅游度假類的住宅社區中。其中2.5萬平米持有，剩余2.5萬平米銷售。余下的45萬平米住宅都考慮適老化設計。 
The first one is a project in Hainan Province. Apartments for independent living with 50,000 square meters floor area, embedded in a resort community. 25,000 square meters floor area will be hold from the developer; other 25,000 square meter floor area will be sold. The normal apartments in the resort community are all designed as elderly orientated housing.

第二個是位于上海市郊的一個成熟住宅社區里的健康老人公寓。總面積1.3萬平米，120套老人套房全部由業主持有。 
The second project is an apartment building for independent living with 13,000 square meters floor area in a mature residential community located in the suburbs of Shanghai. 120 Apartments are hold from the developer.

第三個是一個位于北京城市中心區的改建類項目。面積正好也在1.3 萬平米左右。 
The third one is a reconstruction project, located in the urban area of Beijing. The total floor area is also 13,000 square meters.

第四個項目也是位于上海郊區，但總面積合計11.2 萬平米，是一個大型的CCRC社區。 
The last one is a big CCRC Community with 112,000 square meters, located in the suburbs of Shanghai.

差異Differences
最后我簡單介紹一下中國老年住宅設計的一些特殊性。 
Finally, I briefly introduce you some of the special characters of the Chinese elderly residential design.

由于中國老年人生理機能，居住習慣，生活經歷，價值理念的特殊性，以及中國社會從保障體系，道德觀念，經濟基礎，到政策環境的特殊性，造就了中國老年住宅與其它國家老年住宅許多方面的不同。 
Because of the different Physiological function, Living habits, Life experiences and outlook of value of Chinese elderly, as well as the specification of social welfare system, Moral Reasoning, economic basis and policy environment of Chinese society, Chinese elderly residential holds out many characters different from other coutries.

比如朝向問題，中國大部分地區的老人還是喜歡盡量朝南。對于西向，特別是北向的房間具有較大的抗性。這種對于單一朝向的偏好對建筑體形布局的多樣性提出了挑戰。 
For example, Let us talk about the Orientation of buildings. In most parts of China, the elderly still prefer their room faces south. But for the west, especially north oriented rooms, they have a greater resistance to. This preference for single orientation presents us a challenge to the diversity of building floor layout.

還有戶型問題。中國人特殊的烹飪習慣提出了對于廚房布置的特殊要求，甚至許多南方地區老人對于風水學的崇拜也一定程度上改變了室內功能的布局。 
Another problem is about dwelling spaces. Chinese cooking habits Particular requirements for a special kitchen layout. In southern China, many elderly are superstitious in feng shui theory. This also leads to some change of the interior functions layout.

當然還有室內裝修風格問題。當我們在設計中越來越抵制統一的制度化空間，注重體現對老年人過往生活記憶的延續，著重營造普通居家的生活氣氛時，在室內設計中必然呈現出多樣性和特殊性。 
Of course, there is another issue about interior style. Interior design for elderly must pay attention to reflect a continuation of past life memories of the elderly when we resist the institutionalized space, and focus to create an atmosphere of ordinary home life. This will become an important source of diversity and particularity of interior design.

我的演講到此結束，謝謝各位。 
That’s all. Thank you for your attention.